French Homobiographies in the Shadow of Swastika
Krzysztof Trojanowski
Institut of Literary Studies. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruńhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6283
Abstract
The article presents the plight of homosexuals in the Nazi occupied France. The provision discriminating against homosexual people was introduced into French penal code in 1942. It was put forward by the collaborative Vichy government promoting moral improvement and the cult of procreation. However, as the article claims, homosexuality was not a considerable obstacle in the professional career or politics, which applied both to the collaborators as well as members of the resistance. Such writers as Jean Genet, Henry de Montherlant or Jean Cocteau would hide their sexuality behind literary fiction. The most known French victim of that discriminating law was Pierre Seel, a prisoner of concentration camp who was from Alsace incorporated into German territory. The anti-homosexual discriminatory provision was annulled as late as in 1982.
Keywords:
homosexuality, France, World War II, German ocupation, Vichy governmentReferences
Angebert Michel (2014), Eros en chemise brune. Hitler prédateur, t. 2, Rosières-en-Haye: Camion blanc.
Arnaud Claude (2003), Jean Cocteau, Paris: Gallimard.
Bertrand Antoine (1996), Les curiosités de Robert de Montesquiou, t. 1, Genève: Droz.
Bitoux Jean Le (2002), Les oubliés de la mémoire, Paris: Hachette Littératures.
Boninchi Marc (2005), Vichy et l’ordre moral, Paris: PUF.
Cercle des Amis de Léon Degrelle, http://lederniercarre.hautetfort.com/archive/2018/11/13/cercle-des-amis-de-leon-degrelle-6104895.html.
Cordier Daniel (2009), Alias Caracalla: mémoires, 1940-1943, Paris: Gallimard, "Témoins".
Cordier Daniel (2014), Les Feux de Saint-Elme, Paris: Gallimard.
Genet Jean (1995), Ceremonie żałobne, przeł. K. Rodowska, Gdańsk: „Marabut”.
Giolitto Pierre (2014), Volontaires français sous l’uniforme allemand, w: M. Angebert, Eros en chemise brune. Hitler prédateur, t. 2, Rosières-en-Haye: Camion blanc.
Gueland Etienne, Perrin Henri (1952), La fin de Maurice Sachs, w: M. Sachs, Derrière cinq barreaux, Paris: Gallimard.
Lesueur-Chalmet Véronique (2002), Femmes et Criminelles. Des soeurs Papin à Simone Weber, une histoire sanglante des faits divers, Paris: Pré-aux-clercs.
Malgorn Arnaud (1988), Jean Genet. Qui êtes-vous?, Paris: La Manufacture.
Marais Claude (1954), J’ai choisi mon sexe. Confidences du peintre Michel-Marie Poulain, Monaco : Les éditions de Fontvieille.
Meyer-Plantureux Chantal (2003), Préface, w: R. Brasillach, Animateurs de théâtre. Baty, Copeau, Dullin, Jouvet, les Pitoëff, Paris: Éditions Complexe.
Modiano Patrick (1988), La place de l’étoile, Paris: Gallimard.
Rochelle Pierre Drieu La (1934), La Comédie de Charleroi, Paris : Nrf.
Sartre Jean-Paul (1958), Drogi wolności, t. 3: Rozpacz, przeł. J. Rogoziński, Warszawa: PIW.
Seel Pierre (1994), Moi, Pierre Seel, déporté homosexuel, Paris: Calmann-Lévy.
Institut of Literary Studies. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6283
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published on the platform of Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze are available under the license CC-BY-SA 4.0 (CC Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0).
All interested parties have access to the published articles under the following conditions:
1.They must acknowledge authorship, which means crediting the author, title, source, together with the disseminated work (including the hyperlinks to the original work and doi) as well as the same license under the same conditions.
2. Derivative works can be distributed only under the same license as the original work.
The University of Białystok retains the right to the entire journal (layout, graphic design, title, cover design, logo, etc.).
The author retains the property right but confers on the University of Białystok the right to use the work.
