Resumen
A purpose of the article is to present German grammar books used in Galicia
secondary schools in the second half of the 19th century. Based on bibliographic
and source materials it has been established that Janota’s grammar books were in
use (1854, in a shortened version 1868, 1870, 1874 and 1875), Reben’s (1870, 1871,later issues together with Popper 1874, 1876, 1878 and German 1882),Molin (1882
and 1886) as well as Petelenz (1890, 1898). Except Janota’s work, all the others
were published already after gaining autonomy in 1867, which was connected
with a change of the Austrian educational policy towards Galicia. Since the mid
1880s, editorial and publishing activity of the grammar books’ authors decreased.
New methods of German language teaching were introduced to schools (1892),
which designated a secondary place to grammar.
It results from the introductions to the above listed grammar books,
numerous reviews and polemics that some authors (Janota, Molin) aimed at
creating original handbooks that were comparative in nature and adapted
to the needs of Polish learners. Nonetheless, a strong influence of German
grammaticography is apparent in their works. Following the model of grammar
books that were written for a native language user or their translation (Reben)
distracted attention of Polish authors from methodological issues such as, e.g.,
material progress, a selection of grammar problems (all were treated as equally
important) or forms of tasks consolidating learning material. The analyzed handbooks are typical of synthetic-deductive grammar teaching. They show concurrence in the material structure (phonetics, morphology,
syntax and metrics) as well as the content selection generated by Austrian
school curricula. With regard to methodology, it can be said based on an
exemplary manner of the article description that the following scheme was
applied: a definition – declination patterns – usage rules – tasks. Despite the
common pattern, the grammar books differ as far as a way of choosing and
presenting the rules of the article use is concerned.
Palabras clave:
język niemiecki, gramatyka, wiek XIX, szkoła średnia, Galicja
